NVENC/NVDEC - A proprietary API supported exclusively by NVIDIA.Main limitations are poor and incomplete Intel support and not working with browsers for web video acceleration.
Supported by most desktop applications like Kodi, VLC, and MPV, but has no support at all in Chromium or Firefox. VDPAU - Supported fully on AMD and NVIDIA (both proprietary and Nouveau).Main limitation is lacking any support in the proprietary NVIDIA drivers. Widely supported by software, including Kodi, VLC, MPV, Chromium, and Firefox. VA-API - Supported on Intel, AMD, and NVIDIA (only via the open-source Nouveau drivers). The three main APIs that are in use are VA-API, VDPAU, and NVENC/NVDEC. In at least some relatively typical scenarios, the performance gains of using hardware decoding can be huge, with reductions in CPU usage of around 90%. Historically, the benefits of hardware acceleration under Linux have been uncertain, but it seems likely that support today has improved drastically.
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